The Role of Wolves and Other Canines in Native American Folklore

*** All my resources for this post are now dead. This article is from the Helium file circa 2008-2010. Sorry it's been so long.

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Native American cultures have found a kindred in the wolf. Aside from uses for their pelts, their pack dynamic was honorable to Native cultures. Tribes tried to adopt the mentality to form stronger units. Although considered powerful creatures by all cultures, wolves were cast as both villains and saviors.

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Wolves sometimes were outwitted by rabbits and groundhogs. When they weren't learning new dances from craftier opponents, they were accompanying hunters in their travels. The Haida believed that Orcas (Killer Whales) were transformed wolves who used to hunt for an old man. Wolves often were credited with supplying tribes with food. As well as protecting the helpless. An example of this comes from the Blackfoot and Kiowa tribes. Both legends feature an innocent man victimized by a woman. Both legends star wolves who save the man from death. 

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The Navajo believe a person can transform into a wolf just by wearing the skin. Many tribes believe that wolves have healing powers. The Sioux, the Cheyenne, and the Nootka all held the wolf in high esteem. Hunters would share stories during hunting trips. Many cultures honor their animal prey, the wolf being one of the most revered.

In folklore the wolf often appears with coyotes, a smaller relation. Often confused for each other, the coyote is known as a Trickster. Both animals were thought to have major powers in the scheme of the universe. The story is of unknown origin, the two "healers" are introduced here. 

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The Wasco places the coyote with wolves in a story that credits him with placing the stars. 

Whether counseling men or bringing the northern lights with them (Cree origin), wolves are active characters in Native American folklore. They help men in danger, protect young women from terrible marriages, and guard the secrets of the universe. Tribe members are even thought to gain the trust of wolves, thus becoming one themselves or having a place of honor with them.

They are considered important companions and strong enemies. Wolves are honored in dances and ceremonies throughout native cultures. Their skin is still used for these traditions. The Cherokee believe there are two wolves inside every man; one good and one evil. The one who wins the ongoing battle is the one who is fed. A lesson important for any culture.